Sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movements. Areas strongly affected include the Pacific Ring of Fire or regions along plate boundaries.

Powerful storms with very strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges, mostly in tropical regions.

Sudden rise in water levels due to heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or levee breaches. River regions are especially at risk.

Prolonged dry periods, usually caused by lack of rain. Threatens agriculture and leads to water shortages.