Europe: Diversity and Unity

Europe is made up of more than 40 {sovereign}{Sovereign states are countries that can decide for themselves what happens in their country, without other countries telling them what to do.} states – from Iceland in the northwest to Cyprus in the southeast.
Each country has its own history, cultural characteristics, and a different political system.
The biggest countries include Russia, France, and Germany.
Smaller states like Liechtenstein or San Marino show the continent's incredible diversity.
Europe also offers everything geographically: mountains like the Alps, rivers like the Danube, or Mediterranean islands like Malta.
This multitude of states shapes the continent and makes it especially varied.
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Europe is a linguistic paradise with over 200 spoken languages.
What would Europe look like if it were divided by languages?
Main groups are the Germanic (e.g. German, English, Dutch), Romance (e.g. French, Italian, Spanish), and Slavic languages (e.g. Russian, Polish, Czech). There is also Celtic (Welsh, Gaelic), Greek, Basque, and many more.
Multilingualism is normal and many countries actively support learning several languages starting at school. The diversity in language also reflects cultural differences and historical connections.
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Culinarily, Europe is as colorful as its cultures:
- Italy: Pizza and Pasta
- France: Baguette, Croissant, Quiche
- Germany: Sauerkraut, Bratwurst, Pretzel
- Spain: Paella, Tapas
- Greece: Moussaka, Souvlaki
- Sweden: Köttbullar
- Poland: Pierogi
- Hungary: Goulash
Every country also has regional specialties. They share fresh, local ingredients and traditional preparation. Many dishes are now known worldwide, but their origins can only be truly experienced here.
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Europe is home to world-famous landmarks:
- Paris: Eiffel Tower
- Rome: Colosseum
- London: Big Ben
- Athens: Acropolis
- Istanbul: Hagia Sophia
- Prague: Charles Bridge
- Vienna: Schönbrunn Palace
- Barcelona: Sagrada Família
- Berlin Wall in Germany
The 10 most beautiful landmarks in Europe (Travel Tips)
There are also impressive natural wonders like Norway’s fjords, the Alps, or the Mediterranean coasts. Every city and country offers unique cultural main attractions that draw visitors from around the world.
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The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political partnership between currently 27 European states.
It promotes peace, prosperity, and freedom of movement across national borders. Key achievements are:
- The Euro as a shared currency in many countries
- Open borders through the Schengen Area
- Shared values: democracy, rule of law, human rights
- Cooperation on environmental, trade, and security policy
The EU is a worldwide example of voluntary political and economic integration among many nations.
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Europe’s history is shaped by wars and peace treaties, innovations, and cultural exchange. From conflicts like World War II came the idea of European unification to secure lasting peace.
Today, common values are central: freedom, equality, solidarity and respect for human rights and diversity. These values are also the foundation of European institutions and daily life among citizens.
Exchange between cultures strengthens identity and a sense of community across the continent.
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This table illustrates the diversity and some features of European countries. It is only a snapshot and can be expanded as desired – Europe is rich in unique cultures!
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